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Islam and blasphemy
Blasphemy in Islam is impious utterance or action concerning God, Muhammad or anything considered sacred in Islam.〔(Blasphemy ) at dictionary.com〕〔Wiederhold, Lutz. "Blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad and his companions (sabb al-rasul, sabb al-sahabah): The introduction of the topic into shafi'i legal literature and its relevance for legal practice under Mamluk rule."Journal of semitic studies 42.1 (1997): 39-70.〕 The Quran admonishes blasphemy, but does not specify any worldly punishment for blasphemy. The hadiths, which are another source of Sharia, suggest various punishments for blasphemy, which may include death.〔〔 However, it has been argued that the death penalty applies only to cases where there is treason involved that may seriously harm the muslim community, especially during times of war.〔http://iiit.org/iiitftp/publications/Bibs/Books-in-Brief%20Apostasy%20in%20Islam%20A%20Historical%20and%20Scriptural%20Analysis.pdf〕 Various fiqhs (schools of jurisprudence) of Islam have different punishment for blasphemy, depending on whether blasphemer is Muslim or non-Muslim, man or woman.〔 The punishment can be fines, imprisonment, flogging, amputation, hanging, or beheading.〔See the articles about Islamic jurisdictions under Blasphemy law.〕〔
Muslim clerics may call for the punishment of an alleged blasphemer by issuing a fatwā.
==Islamic scriptures==
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